Token tenure and PATCH

Promotion and tenure.

Auditor tenure and rotation

There has been a long-standing debate as to the relative merits of mandatory auditor rotation. In the United States (US), Section 203 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (2002) (SOX) requires rotation of the lead engagement partner and the concurring review partner at least once every five years. Section 207 also requires a study on the potential effects of mandatory audit firm rotation. After conducting...

Adding Token Counting to Directory-Based Cache Coherence

The coherence protocol is a first-order design concern in multicore designs. Directory protocols are naturally scalable, as they place no restrictions on the interconnect and have minimal bandwidth requirements; however, this scalability comes at the cost of increased sharing latency due to indirection. In contrast, broadcast-based systems such as snooping protocols and token coherence reduce l...

Token and taboo: behavior modification, token economies, and the law.

Land Tenure

Farming in sub-Saharan Africa outside South Africa typically takes place on small plots cultivated by individuals. The land tenure system is often described as 'communal', meaning that land is owned by a kin-based or political group and that individuals obtain the right to cultivate through their membership in that group. If a generalization is possible about the process through which people ob...